System for imaging captured cells

ABSTRACT

A system for imaging captured cells comprising: an illumination module configured to illuminate a target object; a platform configured to position the target object in relation to the illumination module; a filter module configured to filter light transmitted to the target object and/or to filter light received from the target object, an optical sensor configured to receive light from the target object and to generate image data; and a focusing and optics module configured to manipulate light transmitted to the optical sensor. The system can further comprise one or more of: a control system configured to control at least one of the illumination module, the platform, the focusing and optics module, the filter module, and the optical sensor; a tag identifying system configured to identify and communicate tag information from system elements; a thermal control module configured to adjust temperature parameters of the system; and an image stabilization module.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No. 61/902,431, filed on 11 Nov. 2013, and U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 61/779,090, filed on 13 Mar. 2013, which are both incorporatedherein in their entirety by this reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates generally to the cellular analysis field, andmore specifically to a new and useful system for imaging captured cells.

BACKGROUND

With an increased interest in cell-specific drug testing, diagnosis, andother assays, systems that allow for individual cell isolation,identification, and retrieval are becoming more desirable within thefield of cellular analysis. Furthermore, with the onset of personalizedmedicine, low-cost, high fidelity cellular sorting systems are becominghighly desirable. However, preexisting cell capture systems and systemsto image captured cells suffer from various shortcomings that preventwidespread adoption for cell-specific testing. For example, flowcytometry requires that the cell be simultaneously identified andsorted, and limits cell observation and imaging to a single instance.Flow cytometry thus fails to allow for multiple analyses of the samecell, and does not permit arbitrary cell subpopulation sorting.Conventional microfluidic devices fail to allow for subsequent cellremoval without cell damage, which hinders further analysis and imagingof isolated cells. Cellular filters can separate sample components basedon size without significant cell damage, but suffer from clogging and donot allow for specific cell identification, isolation, and retrieval.Current systems for capturing cells and imaging/analyzing captured cellsare thus severely limited.

Thus, there is a need in the cellular analysis field to create a new anduseful system for imaging captured cells or other features of abiological sample at an imaging substrate. This invention provides sucha new and useful system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1A depicts an embodiment of a system for imaging captured cells;

FIGS. 1B-1D depict portions of a variation of a system for imagingcaptured cells;

FIG. 2A depicts another variation of a system for imaging capturedcells;

FIG. 2B depicts another variation of a system for imaging capturedcells;

FIGS. 3A-3C depict examples of a platform comprising a guide and animage normalizer, an imaging substrate with a tag, and systemcalibration, respectfully;

FIG. 4A depicts another example of a platform in an embodiment of asystem for imaging captured cells;

FIG. 4B depicts variations of manipulation of a platform of anembodiment of the system;

FIGS. 5A and 5B depict another embodiment of a system for imagingcaptured cells;

FIG. 5C depicts an example of a platform control module;

FIG. 6 depicts an example of a platform comprising a platform controlmodule and a retainer;

FIGS. 7A and 7B depict examples of cell capture device pore locations(e.g., zipcodes); and

FIG. 8 depicts an example of a system comprising a thermal controlmodule and an image stabilization module.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description of the preferred embodiments of the inventionis not intended to limit the invention to these preferred embodiments,but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use thisinvention.

1. System

As shown in FIGS. 1A-1D, an embodiment of a system 100 for detectingfeatures of a biological sample at an imaging substrate comprises: anillumination module 110 configured to illuminate a target object (e.g.,captured cells of interest within a microfluidic cell capture device) ofthe biological sample; a platform 130 configured to position the targetobject in relation to the illumination module 110; a filter module 140configured to filter light transmitted to the target object and/or tofilter light received from the target object; an optical sensor 150configured to receive light from the target object and to generate imagedata; and a focusing and optics module 160 configured to manipulatelight transmitted to the optical sensor 150. The system 100 can furthercomprise a control system 170 configured to control at least one of theillumination module 110, the platform 130, the focusing and opticsmodule 160, the filter module 140, and the optical sensor 150; a tagidentifying system 180 configured to identify and communicate taginformation from system 100 elements; a thermal control module 190configured to adjust temperature parameters of the system 100; an imagestabilization module 200; a processor 220 configured to processinformation captured from the target object; and a linking interface 230configured to transmit information between the processor 220, theoptical sensor 150, the control system 170, and/or the thermal controlmodule 190. The system 100 functions to facilitate manipulation andimaging of biological samples comprising captured cells of interest, inorder to enable analyses of captured cells. The system 100 is preferablyconfigured to receive a microfluidic cell capture device, such as thedevice described in U.S. application Ser. No. 13/557,510, entitled “CellCapture System and Method of Use” and/or the device described in U.S.application Ser. No. 14/163,153, entitled “System and Method forCapturing and Analyzing Cells”, which are both incorporated in theirentirety herein by this reference. The system 100 can additionallyaccept other imaging substrates 350, such as microscope slides, tissueprocessing slides, microarray slides, tissue microarray slides, cellculture plates, and/or any other suitable imaging substrates 350. Thesystem 100 can be capable of providing auto-focusing before imagecapture, but can alternatively take a series of images at multiple focallengths, use image post-processing to sharpen the image, or utilize anyother suitable method to achieve a focused image of a biological sample.

In a specific embodiment, the system 100 is configured to image capturedcells within a microfluidic cell capture device that captures andisolates single cells of interest. In the specific embodiment, thesystem 100 provides unbroken, focused images of all microfluidic cellcapture chambers in the microfluidic cell capture device, couples imagedata with target cell/device identifying information (e.g., location,time) and system parameter information (e.g., illumination information,temperature information), and facilitates light-based cellulardiagnostic assays including assays involving fluorescent dyes (e.g.,Hoechst dye, Alex Fluor 633, Hex, Rox, Cy5, and Cy5.5). The specificembodiment is further configured to be a benchtop system that operatesbelow a specified decibel level, and is configured to not require roomexternal room darkening to facilitate analyses of captured cells and/orother biological samples. Other variations can involve any othersuitable configuration and/or combination of elements that enablesimaging of captured cells, and can include elements described in U.S.application Ser. No. 13/557,510, entitled “Cell Capture System andMethod of Use”.

1.1 System—Illumination Module

The illumination module 110 comprises a first illumination subsystem in,and functions to transmit light toward one or more target objects (e.g.,captured cells of interest) at the platform 130 to facilitate analysesof the target object(s). Preferably, the illumination module 110comprises a first illumination subsystem in and a second illuminationsubsystem 121, such that multiple types of light-based analyses can beenabled by the system 100. The illumination module 110 can, however,comprise a single illumination subsystem or more than two illuminationsubsystems to facilitate multiple types of light-based analyses.Additionally, the illumination module 110 can comprise elements (e.g.,housings, filters) configured to reduce or eliminate light notoriginating from the illumination module 110 (e.g., light within a roomcontaining the system).

In a first variation, the first illumination subsystem 111 is abright-field subsystem in and the second illumination subsystem is afluorescence subsystem 121. The bright-field subsystem in preferablycomprises a wide-spectrum light source as a first light source 112(e.g., white light source) with an adjustable intensity, and isconfigured to transmit light through a first set of optics 113 toward aplatform 130 configured to position captured cells. In other variations,the first light source 112 may not comprise a wide-spectrum ofwavelengths, and/or may not be configured with an adjustable intensity.In one variation, the first light source 112 comprises a white lightemitting diode (LED); however, the first light source 112 canadditionally or alternatively comprise any other light source configuredto provide bright-field images. Light from the first light source 112thus illuminates a sample at an imaging substrate 350 at the platform130, and contrast is provided by differential absorbance of light withinthe sample. The bright-field subsystem in preferably provides truebright-field images, but can additionally or alternatively providecomposite bright-field images. The first set of optics 113 can comprisea collimator, which functions to collimate light from the first lightsource 112, and/or a focusing lens, which functions to focus light fromthe light source onto a captured cell. The focusing lens can beconfigured to focus light onto a single object (e.g., captured cell), orcan one of a set of focusing lenses configured to focus light ontomultiple objects (e.g., captured cells, region of a tissue sample)simultaneously. In a first variation, the first light source 112 and thefirst set of optics 113 are aligned in a vertical direction with respectto a horizontal platform 130, such that light is transmitted in asubstantially perpendicular direction toward captured cells of interestat the horizontal platform 130. As such, in the first variation, thefirst light source 112 can be situated inferior to or superior to theplatform 130. In an example of the first variation, light from thebright-field subsystem 111 is configured to impinge upon a biologicalsample comprising cells of interest, wherein the light is transmitted ina direction toward an optical sensor 150 located above (e.g., superiorto) the biological sample, in the orientation shown in FIGS. 1B-1D. Inanother example of the first variation, light from the bright-fieldsubsystem 111 is configured to impinge upon a biological samplecomprising cells of interest, wherein the light is transmitted in adirection toward an optical sensor 150 located under (e.g., inferior to)the biological sample, in the orientation shown in FIG. 2A. In thisexample, the bright-field subsystem 111 is further configured to provideconsistent illumination in two directions (e.g., in X and Y directionsin a two-dimensional plane). However, the first light source 112 and thefirst set of optics 113 can alternatively be configured in anyappropriate orientation and configured to direct light (e.g., using amirror 102) to illuminate captured cells of interest with any suitableillumination profile. In other variations, the bright-field subsystem111 can only comprise the first light source 112 and omit the first setof optics 113, or can comprise a first set of optics 113 includingalternative or additional elements (e.g., mirror, lens, beam shaper,beam splitter).

In the first variation, the second illumination subsystem 121 is afluorescence subsystem 121 comprising a wide-spectrum light source as asecond light source 122 with an adjustable intensity, preferablyincluding ultraviolet and/or infrared wavelengths of light, and a secondset of optics 123 configured to manipulate light from the second lightsource 122. The fluorescence subsystem 121 may, however, not beconfigured to provide an adjustable intensity. In an example, thewide-spectrum second light source 122 comprises an LED that provideslight with wavelengths at least in the range between 350-830 nm, suchthat the filter module 140 can filter light from the second light source122 to appropriately enable fluorescence light-based analyses usingfluorescent dyes (e.g., Hoechst dye, Alexa Fluor 633, FAM, Hex, Rox,Cy5, Cy5.5). However, the second light source 122 can additionally oralternatively comprise any other light source(s) configured tofacilitate fluorescence light-based analyses. Additionally, the secondlight source 122 can comprise multiple light sources (e.g., multipleLEDs). In one example comprising multiple light sources, the multiplelight sources can produce a certain range of light wavelengths, suchthat light from the multiple light sources can be filtered to reducedwavelength ranges for imaging and analysis of target objects accordingto specific assay protocols. The second set of optics 123 can comprise acollimator, which functions to collimate light from the second lightsource 122, and/or a focusing lens, which functions to focus light fromthe light source onto a captured cell. The focusing lens can beconfigured to focus light onto a single target object (e.g., capturedcell), or can be one of a set of focusing lenses configured to focuslight onto multiple target objects (e.g., captured cells, region of atissue sample) simultaneously. In a first variation, the second lightsource 122 and the second set of optics 123 are aligned in a horizontaldirection with respect to a horizontal platform 130, such that light istransmitted in a substantially parallel direction prior to beingreflected (e.g., using a mirror 102) toward captured cells of interestor tissue at the horizontal platform 130. In an example of the firstvariation, light from the second illumination subsystem 121 isconfigured to impinge upon a biological sample comprising cells ofinterest, wherein the light from the second illumination subsystem 121is transmitted in a direction away from an optical sensor 150 locatedabove the biological sample, after being reflected by a mirror 102 and adichroic mirror 143, in the orientation shown in FIGS. 1B-1C. In anotherexample of the first variation, light from the fluorescence subsystem121 is configured to impinge upon a biological sample comprising cellsof interest, wherein the light is transmitted in a direction away froman optical sensor 150 located under the biological sample, in theorientation shown in FIG. 2A. However, the second light source 122 andthe second set of optics 123 can alternatively be configured in anyappropriate orientation to illuminate captured cells of interest withany suitable illumination profile. In other variations, the fluorescencesubsystem 121 can only comprise the second light source 122 and omit thesecond set of optics 123, or can comprise a second set of optics 123including alternative or additional elements (e.g., mirror, lens, beamshaper, beam splitter).

In alternative variations, at least one of the first illuminationsubsystem 111 and the second illumination subsystem 121 can comprise adark-field subsystem, a confocal subsystem, a phase-contrast subsystem,and/or any other suitable imaging subsystem. Additionally, in othervariations, at least one of the first illumination subsystem 111 and thesecond illumination subsystem 121 can be coupled to an actuationsubsystem 128 configured to translate, rotate, or angularly displace aillumination subsystem 111, 121 relative to a biological samplecomprising cells of interest.

1.2 System—Platform

As shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 2A, the platform 130 comprises a platformcontrol module 133 and a guide 138, and can additionally oralternatively include an image normalizer 129. The platform 130functions to receive and align a cell capture device or other imagingsubstrate 350 relative to the illumination module 110 and/or the opticalsensor 150, in order to enable light-based analyses of captured cells ofinterest within the cell capture device or other imaging substrate 350.In some variations, the platform 130 can be automatically controlled bya control system 170, in order to facilitate automated functionsincluding autofocusing of objects of interest, self-calibration, cellcapture device interrogation, cell capture device agitation, or anyother suitable function. In other variations, the platform 130 can besemi-automatically controlled or manually controlled, such that a useror other entity can manipulate the platform 130 in some manner (e.g.,using knobs or dials mechanically coupled to the platform 130).Additionally, the platform 130 is preferably cleanable (e.g., usingethanol), such that the platform 130 can be reusable for multiple runsof analyses. The platform 130 is preferably situated between the firstand the second illumination subsystems 111, 121, as described above, butcan be located relative to any other suitable element of the system 100in any other suitable manner.

As shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A, and 4B, the platform control module 133functions to facilitate motion of the platform 130 relative to otherelements of the system 100. The platform control module 133 preferablyenables motion of the platform 130 in at least one direction, but canadditionally be configured to enable motion of the platform 130 in twoor three directions (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z directions). The platformcontrol module 133 can additionally or alternatively provide rotationalmotion or any other suitable motion of the platform. To produce lineartranslations of the platform 130, a first variation of the platformcontrol module 133 can comprise a translation stage 334 with atranslation controller 335 (e.g., knobs that affect translation,actuator module that affects translation). The translation stage 334 inthe first variation is also coupled to the platform 130 in order toenable translations of the platform 130 in X, Y, and/or Z directions. Inan example of the first variation, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5C and 6, afirst knob 134 with a flexible shaft extension can affect a translationof the platform 130 in the X direction, a second knob 135 with aflexible shaft extension can affect a translation of the platform 130 inthe Y direction, and a third knob 136 with a flexible shaft extensioncan affect a translation of the platform 130 in the Z direction. Othervariations of the platform control module 133 can comprise any othersuitable element or subsystem (e.g., guiderails, springs, lead screws)configured to produce linear translations of the platform 130.

As shown in FIG. 4B, the platform control module 133 can further beconfigured to angularly displace or rotate the platform 130, in order toprovide images of target objects (e.g., captured cells of interest) inmultiple orientations and/or to position target objects relative toother elements of the system 100. Angular displacement or rotation ofthe platform 130 can further facilitate auto-focusing and/or calibrationfunctions of the system 100. As such, the platform control module 133can be configured to angularly displace the platform about an axisparallel to the platform 130, about an axis perpendicular to theplatform 130, and/or about an axis oriented in any other suitable mannerrelative to the platform. In an example, the platform control module 133can be configured to angularly displace the platform 130 at a specifiedangle about an axis parallel to the platform 130, which results in adistribution of focal lengths across the platform (e.g., some platformlocations will be in better focus than others based on the differentresultant focal lengths). In the example, contrast differences generatedfrom platform locations at different focal lengths are then interrogatedby a processor 220 that determines the location with the greatestcontrast, a measure indicative of the optimal focal length. The platformcontrol module 133 in the example then angularly displaces the platform130 to a horizontal configuration (e.g., a non-angularly displacedorientation), and translates the platform 130, to achieve the optimalfocal length relative other system elements. In another example, theplatform control module 133 displaces the platform about an axisperpendicular to the platform 130, such that different objects at theplatform (e.g., imaging substrates 350) can be rotated into position andprocessed using the system 100.

In automated variations of the system 100, the platform control module133 can comprise an actuator configured to automatically control motionof the platform 130. The actuator is preferably configured to affectmotion of the platform 130 in at least two directions (e.g., X and Ydirections); however, the actuator can be configured to affect motion ofthe platform 130 in less than two directions, more than two directions(e.g., X, Y, and Z directions), and/or in rotation. In an example of anautomated variation, as shown in FIG. 1B, the platform control module133 can comprise at least one motor coupled to a translation controller(e.g., of a translation stage 334), such that an actuation provided bythe motor produces a translation of the platform 130. Specifically, themotor can be coupled to an X, Y, and/or Z translation stage controller335 to produce motion of the platform 130. In another example, theplatform control module 133 can comprise a stepper motor or any othersuitable actuator, coupled to the platform 130, which enables rotationof the platform 130 and a rotational position of the platform 130 to beassessed. Other automated variations of the system 100 can comprise anysuitable actuator coupled to any suitable platform translator or rotatorto control motion of the platform 130.

The guide 138 functions to receive and align an imaging substrate 350that contains a biological sample and/or target objects (e.g., capturedcells of interest), such that the biological sample and/or targetobjects can be properly imaged and analyzed. The guide 138 can be asuitably-sized recess at one surface of the platform 130, and/or cancomprise a ridge, rail, or tab configured to align the imaging substrate350 in relation to the platform 130. Furthermore, the guide 138 canpreferably only receive the imaging substrate 350 in one orientation,such that positive orientation confirmation is enabled by the guide 138;however, the guide 138 can alternatively be configured to receive animaging substrate 350 in multiple orientations. The guide 138 preferablyhas at least one aperture in order to enable light transmission throughthe imaging substrate 350, thereby facilitating imaging of a targetobject at the imaging substrate 350. The guide 138 can additionally beone of a set of guides of the platform 130, such that the platform isconfigured to receive and align multiple imaging substrates 350. In onevariation, the platform 130 can include an array of guides arranged inmultiple rows, as shown in FIG. 3A, and in another variation, theplatform 130 can include one or more guides 138 in a circulararrangement, as shown in FIG. 4A, such that a rotation of the platform130 rotates successive imaging substrates 350, containing target objects(e.g., captured cells of interest), with respect to other elements ofthe system 100. Preferably, each guide 138 in the set of guides isidentical; however, each guide 138 in the set of guides canalternatively be non-identical, such that different imaging substrates350 (e.g., comprising different morphologies) can be received by theplatform 130. Additionally or alternatively, the platform 130 cancomprise a single guide 138 that is adjustable in order to accommodatedifferently sized imaging substrates 350.

As shown in FIGS. 3A and 4A, the guide 138 can further include aretainer 139 that holds the imaging substrate 350 at a specific locationposition relative to the rest of the platform 130. The retainer 139 ispreferably capable of holding at least one imaging substrate 350 (e.g.,cell capture device, glass slide, cartridge). In one variation, theretainer 139 can be a clip that biases the imaging substrate 350 againsta brace, a recess in a surface of the platform 130, or any othersuitable retainer 139. The platform 130 can be configured to accommodateone imaging substrate 350 at a time with a guide 138 and/or a retainer139, as shown in FIG. 2B, but can alternatively be configured toaccommodate multiple imaging substrates 350 simultaneously with multipleguides and/or multiple retainers, as shown in FIGS. 1B, 1C, 3A and 4A.

As shown in FIG. 3C, the image normalizer 129 is preferably coupled tothe platform 130 and functions to facilitate calibration of the system100. The image normalizer 129 preferably enables at least one ofcalibration of exposure and calibration of focus, but can additionallyor alternatively enable calibration of other aspects of the system 100.Preferably, the image normalizer 129 is located within the same plane asthe target object(s) intended to be imaged/analyzed by the system 100,such that a calibration using the image normalizer 129 can be adapted tofacilitate imaging and/or analysis of the target object. The imagenormalizer 129 can additionally comprise a surface with features similarto those of target objects (e.g., captured cells of interest from abiological sample), to improve the suitability of the calibration. Theimage normalizer 129 can be in a fixed location relative to the platform130, but can alternatively be configured to have an adjustable locationrelative to the platform 130. The image normalizer 129 can furtherenable automatic calibration of an aspect of the system 100 in automatedvariations of the system 100.

In other variations, the platform 130 additionally include or be coupledto a fluidic manifold 127 coupled to a fluid source, as shown in FIG.1A, wherein the manifold 127 interfaces with an inlet and an outlet of amicrofluidic cell capture device, such as the one described in U.S.application Ser. No. 13/557,510, entitled “Cell Capture System andMethod of Use” or U.S. application Ser. No. 14/163,153, entitled “Systemand Method for Capturing and Analyzing Cells”. The manifold 127 can thusenable visualization of real-time flow through the microfluidic cellcapture device. In variations of the platform 130 configured toaccommodate multiple imaging substrates 350, the manifold 127 can beconfigured to interface with inlets and outlets of multiple imagingsubstrates 350 (e.g., at openings of the manifold), in order to providevisualization of real-time flow through multiple cell capture devices;however, the manifold 127 can be configured in any other suitablemanner.

In a first specific example, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 4A, the platform130 comprises a guide 138 configured to receive and retain amicrofluidic cell capture device or a glass slide with a 1″×3″ footprintand a thickness between 1 mm and 2 mm. The guide 138 in the firstspecific example is one of a set of nine guides arranged in a circulararray, as shown in FIG. 2D, such that the platform 130 accommodates upto nine microfluidic cell capture devices or other imaging substrates350. In the first specific example, the platform 130 is rotatable (witha platform control module 133) about an axis perpendicular to theplatform 130 through an angular displacement of at least 180° inclockwise and counterclockwise directions; however, in variations of thefirst specific example, the platform 130 can be rotatable through anyother suitable angular displacement (e.g., 360° in one or twodirections, less than 360° in one direction, etc.). In the firstspecific example, the platform control module 133 can additionallytranslate the platform in an X direction by a span of 9″ and in a Ydirection by a span of 5″, using a multi-axis (e.g., X-Y) actuationsystem and a set of guide rails coupled to the platform. Thus, the firstspecific example allows each of up to nine microfluidic cell capturedevice(s)/glass slide(s) to be individually imaged and analyzed by thefirst specific example of the system 100. In other variations, theplatform 130 can, however, comprise any suitable combination of elementsand/or variations described to facilitate reception and alignment of animaging substrate 350 relative to the illumination module 110 and/or theoptical sensor 150.

In a second specific example, as shown in FIGS. 2B and 3A, the platform130 comprises a guide 138 configured to receive and retain amicrofluidic cell capture device or a glass slide with a 1″×3″ footprintand a thickness between 1 mm and 2 mm. The guide 138 in the secondspecific example is one of a set of guides arranged in a 2×4 array, asshown in FIG. 2A, such that the platform 130 accommodates up to eightmicrofluidic cell capture devices or glass slides. In the secondspecific example, the platform 130 has a footprint of 9″×5″ and istranslatable (with a platform control module) in an X direction by aspan of 9″ and in a Y direction by a span of 5″. Thus, the secondspecific example allows each of up to eight microfluidic cell capturedevice(s)/glass slide(s) to be individually imaged and analyzed by thesecond specific example of the system 100. In other variations, theplatform 130 can, however, comprise any suitable combination of elementsand/or variations described to facilitate reception and alignment of animaging substrate 350 relative to the illumination module 110 and/or theoptical sensor 150.

1.3 System—Filter Module

The filter module 140 comprises an excitation filter 141 configured toreceive light from a fluorescence subsystem 121 and transmit light atexcitation wavelengths, a dichroic mirror 142 configured to receive andreflect light from the excitation filter 141 toward target objects atthe platform 130, and an emission filter 143 configured to receive andtransmit light from the target objects toward an optical sensor 150. Thefilter module 140 thus functions to transmit light at excitationwavelengths toward target objects (e.g., captured cells of interest) andto receive light at emission wavelengths from the target objects, inorder to facilitate imaging and analysis of the target objects. Thefilter module 140 is preferably one of a set of filter modules of thesystem 100, however, the system 100 can alternatively include only asingle filter module. The filter module(s) 140 can comprise a set ofexcitation filters 144, a set of emission filters 145, and a set ofdichroic mirrors 146, such that multiple ranges of excitation light canbe transmitted, and multiple ranges of emitted light can be transmittedto the optical sensor 150. In variations comprising a set of excitationfilters 141, the set of excitation filters 141 can include band passfilters configured to transmit light between two bounding wavelengths,short pass filters configured to transmit light below a certainwavelength, and long pass filters configured to transmit light above acertain wavelength. Additionally, the set of excitation filters 141 cancomprise interchangeable filters, such that individual excitationfilters can be interchanged to provide different excitation wavelengthsof light, and multiple excitation filters can be stacked to providecomposite analyses; however, the set of excitation filters 141 canalternatively be fixed, such that the filter module 140 is onlyconfigured to transmit a fixed range of excitation wavelengths.

In a first variation comprising a set of excitation filters 144,excitation filters 141 in the set of excitation filters 144 are chosento transmit different desired ranges of excitation wavelengths. In afirst example of the first variation, the set of excitation filters 144can comprise a filter that transmits light at wavelengths from 350-390nm (for Hoescht dye-based assays), a filter that transmits light atwavelengths from 420-480 nm (for other Hoescht dye-based assays), afilter that transmits light at a nominal wavelength of 632 nm (for AlexaFluor 633-based assays), and a filter that transmits light at a nominalwavelength of 647 nm (for other Alexa Fluor 633-based assays). In asecond example of the first variation, the set of excitation filters 144can comprise a filter that transmits light at wavelengths from 450-490nm (for FAM-based assays), a filter that transmits light at wavelengthsfrom 510-540 nm (for Hex-based assays), a filter that transmits light atwavelengths from 555-600 nm (for Rox-based assays), a filter thattransmits light at wavelengths from 615-635 nm (for Cy5-based assays),and a filter that transmits light at wavelengths for 665-685 nm (forCy5.5-based assays).

The dichroic mirror 142 of the filter module 140 is configured to alignwith an excitation filter 141, and functions to receive and reflectlight from the excitation filter 141 toward a target object at theplatform 130. The dichroic mirror 142 also functions to receive andtransmit light from an emission filter 143 toward an optical sensor 150,which is described in more detail below. In variations comprising a setof dichroic mirrors 145, each dichroic mirror 142 in the set of dichroicmirrors 145 is preferably identical in orientation relative to anexcitation filter 141 or a set of excitation filters 144, and anemission filter 143 of a set of emission filters 146. The dichroicmirror 142 or the set of dichroic mirrors 145 can also be configured toreflect and transmit appropriate wavelengths of light based on theapplication.

The emission filter 143 is configured to align with a dichroic mirror142, and functions to transmit emission wavelengths of light from thetarget object at the platform 130, and to filter out excitationwavelengths of light. The filter module 140 can further comprise a setof emission filters 146, such that multiple different ranges of lightwavelengths can be detected from the target objects at the platform 130.In variations comprising a set of emission filters 146, the set ofemission filters 143 can include band pass filters, configured totransmit light between two bounding wavelengths, short pass filtersconfigured to transmit light below a certain wavelength, and long passfilters configured to transmit light above a certain wavelength.Preferably, the set of emission filters 146 is interchangeable and/orstackable, such that individual emission filters can be interchanged orstacked to transmit and/or block different wavelengths of light;however, the set of emission filters 146 can alternatively be fixed,such that the filter module 140 is only configured to transmit a fixedrange of emission wavelengths.

In a first variation comprising a set of emission filters 146, emissionfilters 143 in the set of emission filters 146 are chosen to transmitdifferent desired ranges of emission wavelengths. In an example of thefirst variation, the set of emission filters 146 can comprise a filterthat transmits light at wavelengths from 507-540 nm (for FAM-basedassays), a filter that transmits light at wavelengths from 557-580 nm(for Hex-based assays), a filter that transmits light at wavelengthsfrom 618-638 nm (for Rox-based assays), a filter that transmits light atwavelengths from 655-680 nm (for Cy5-based assays), and a filter thattransmits light at wavelengths from 700-830 nm (for Cy5.5-based assays).

The filter module 140 can be fixed within the system 100, but canalternatively be coupled to an actuator configured to displace and/oralign the filter module 140 relative to other system elements. As such,the filter module 140 can be coupled to a filter stage 149 coupled tothe actuator and configured to translate and/or rotate the filter module140 into position with respect to one or more light sources 112, 122 ofillumination subsystems 111, 121 of the illumination module 110.Furthermore, the filter module 140 can be one of a set of filter modulescoupled to a filter stage 149, such that each filter module 140 in theset of filter modules 140 can be translated or rotated into positionwith respect to one or more light sources 112, 122 of illuminationsubsystems 111, 121 of the illumination module 110. As such, the filterstage 149 preferably includes at least one aperture configured to allowlight to be transmitted through the filter module(s) 140 to a targetobject at the platform 130; however, the filter stage 149 canadditionally or alternatively be substantially transparent to allowlight transmission, or can allow light transmission in any othersuitable manner. Additionally, the filter stage 149 can be defined by acircular footprint, a rectangular footprint, or any other suitablefootprint (e.g., polygonal, non-polygonal). The filter stage 149 ispreferably situated superior to the platform 130 and inferior to anoptical sensor 150; however, the filter stage 149 can alternatively besituated relative to other elements of the system 100 in any othersuitable manner.

In one variation, the filter stage 149 can be coupled to an actuatorthat translates the filter stage 149 and the filter module(s) 140 alongone or more axes (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z axes) into a desired position ina consistent manner (e.g., using a linear encoder, using a sensor ableto provide position detection, etc.). In an another variation, thefilter stage 149 can be coupled to an actuator that rotates the filterstage 149 and the filter module(s) 140 into a desired position in aconsistent manner (e.g., using a rotary encoder, using a stepper motor,etc.), about an axis perpendicular to a planar surface of the filterstage 149. In this variation, the filter stage 149 is preferablyrotatable by at least 180° in clockwise and counterclockwise directions;however, in variations of this variation, the filter stage 149 can berotatable through any other suitable angular displacement (e.g., 360° inone or two directions, less than 360° in one direction, etc.). The axisof rotation of the filter stage 149 is preferably offset and parallel tothe axis of rotation of the platform 130 in variations of the system 100including a rotating platform 130; however, the axis of rotation of thefilter stage 149 can alternatively be non-offset and/or non-parallel tothe axis of rotation of the platform 130 in variations of the system 100including a rotating platform 130. In still another variation, thefilter stage 149 can be coupled to one or more actuators that translatethe filter stage 149 and the filter module(s) 140 along one or more axes(e.g., X, Y, and/or Z axes) and rotate the filter stage 149 and thefilter module(s) 140 into a desired configuration. In an example, asshown in FIG. 1A, the filter module 140 is one of nine filter modulescoupled to a filter stage 149 defining a substantially circulargeometry, with apertures defined within the filter stage 149 to allowlight transmission through the apertures. In the example, each filtermodule 140 can be rotated into alignment with a second light source 122of a second illumination subsystem 121 (e.g., a fluorescence subsystem),thereby allowing light from the second light source 122 to betransmitted through at least one excitation filter 141 of a filtermodule 140, and to be reflected at a 90° angle by a dichroic mirror 142toward a target object at the platform 130, and allowing light from thetarget object to be transmitted through an emission filter 143 of thefilter module 140 toward an optical sensor 150. As such, alignment of afilter module 140 in the example aligns the excitation filter 141 withthe second light source 122, and simultaneously aligns the emissionfilter 143 with the optical sensor 150. However, in variations of theexample, the filter module(s) 140 can be positioned into alignment withany other suitable elements of the system 100 in any other suitablemanner.

In another specific example of the filter module 140, in the orientationshown in FIG. 2B, the filter module 140 comprises an excitation filter141 oriented perpendicular to an emission filters 143, with a dichroicmirrors 142 bisecting an angle between two planes formed by the faces ofthe excitation filter 141 and the emission filter 143. In the specificexample, light from the excitation filter 141 is thus substantiallyreflected at a 90° angle toward the platform 130, and light from theemission filter 143 passes in a substantially straight direction throughthe dichroic mirror 142 toward the optical sensor 150. Other variationsof the filter module 140 can include any configuration of dichroicmirror(s), excitation filter(s), and/or emission filter(s) that enabletransmission of light of excitation wavelengths toward a target object,and transmission of light from the target object toward an opticalsensor 150.

1.4 System—Optical Sensor and Focusing and Optics Module

The optical sensor 150 is configured to align with an emission filter143 of the filter module 140, and functions to receive light from theemission filter 143 to facilitate imaging and analysis of a targetobject (e.g., captured cell of interest). Preferably, the optical sensor150 is oriented perpendicular to the platform 130, as shown in FIGS. 1B,2A, and 2B, such that light from a target object at the platform 130 canbe transmitted directly toward the optical sensor 150. In one variation,the optical sensor 150 is situated superior to the filter module 140 andthe platform 130, and in another variation, the optical sensor issituated inferior to the platform. However, the optical sensor 150 canbe oriented in any suitable configuration relative to the platform 130and/or the filter module 140. The optical sensor 150 can comprise aphotodiode comprising a photoelectric material configured to convertelectromagnetic energy into electrical signals; however, the opticalsensor 150 can alternatively comprise any other suitable appropriatephotodetector for facilitating analysis of biological samples. Theoptical sensor 150 can comprise a charge-coupled device (CCD), acomplementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor, a line scanner,or any other suitable imaging element. Additionally, the optical sensor150 can facilitate imaging in color (e.g., red, green, blue, etc.). Inan example, the system 100 comprising the optical sensor 150 can enablea 3-color analysis of a sample comprising captured cells of interestwithin 60 minutes. The optical sensor 150 can further provide image datain any suitable resolution (e.g., 1-10 pixels/micron, 5-100 megapixels)to distinguish between target objects and target object features, andcan detect intensities of electromagnetic energy above a suitablethreshold and between a certain range of wavelengths (e.g., 420-830 nm).In a specific example, the optical sensor 150 is configured to enabledifferentiation of a single cancer cell in a background of contaminatingwhite blood cells by providing images of sufficient resolution and/orcolor imaging for fluorescent detection. In the specific example, asshown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the optical sensor 150 can further provide asuitable resolution of image data, such that the system 100 candifferentiate between specific cell capture pore locations 155 (e.g.,addresses) of a microfluidic cell capture device, such as that describedin U.S. application Ser. No. 13/557,510 or U.S. application Ser. No.14/163,153. In the specific example shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the porelocations 155 are characterized by tags translatable to a binary numberby a processor 220, and include a series of characters wherein acharacter with a dot indicates a value of “1” and a character without adot indicates a value of “0”. As such, in the specific example, each tagtranslatable to a binary number has a series of nine characters, eachcharacter having a dot or no dot that is detectable by the opticalsensor 150 and/or a tag identifying system 180 as described in furtherdetail below. In another variation of this specific example, acombination of dots can be used as a tag wherein a feature (e.g.,relative distance, color, intensity, shape, etc.) between the dotsindicate a precise location of the tag within the microfluidic device.In variations of the specific example, however, the pore locations 155can be characterized by any other suitable tag (e.g., RFID tag, visuallydetectable tag, non-visually detectable tag, etc.) and be detectable byany other suitable method (e.g., RF sensing, visual detection, etc.).

The focusing and optics module 160 preferably comprises a lens 161configured to focus light from the illumination module onto a targetobject at the platform 130, and/or a lens 162 configured to focus lightfrom the target object at the platform 130 onto the optical sensor 150.The lens can be any suitable lens (objective lens) with any suitablemagnification (e.g., 10×-40×) and numeric aperture (e.g., ¼″). The lens161, 162 can also be one of a set of lenses configured to focus lightonto individual target objects (e.g., individual lenses focus light ontoindividual captured cells of interest), or can be a single lens 161configured to focus light onto multiple target objects (e.g., capturedcells of interest within a microfluidic cell capture device, a tissueregion, etc.) at the platform 130. The lens(es) 161, 162 can be alignedwith the excitation filter 141, the dichroic mirror 142, and/or theemission filter 143 of the filter module 140, such that lighttransmitted from or reflected off of the excitation filter 141, thedichroic mirror 142, and/or the emission filter 143 is appropriatelyfocused. The lens(s) can however, be aligned in any suitableconfiguration relative to other elements of the system 100 andconfigured to focus incident light by way of any suitable number ofoptics elements (e.g., dichroic mirrors, mirrors, etc.).

The lens(es) 161 of the focusing and optics module 160 can be furtherconfigured to translate in one or more directions and/or rotate aboutany suitable number of axes, to facilitate focusing or auto-focusing oflight onto the platform 130 and/or onto the optical sensor 150. Invariations wherein the lens(es) 161 of the focusing and optics module160 are configured to translate, translation can be facilitated using anoptics manipulation module 167, including an actuator 166 and/or a lensselector 165, to enable automated or semi-automated functionalities(e.g., autofocusing, automagnification, etc.). The actuator 166preferably couples to the lens(es) 161, 162 and/or the lens selector165, and provides translation along at least one axis (e.g., X-axis,Y-Axis, Z-axis); however, the actuator 166 can be configured to coupleto any other suitable element of the system 100 in order to enabletranslation of elements of the focusing and optics module 160, and/orcan provide translation along multiple axes (e.g., X and Z-axes, Y andZ-axes, X and Y-axes). The lens selector 165 preferably rotates one of aset of lenses into alignment (e.g., as in a revolving nosepiece);however, variations of the lens selector 165 can additionally oralternatively translate a lens of a set of lenses into alignment.

In a specific example, as shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, the opticsmanipulation module 167 includes a revolving nosepiece as the lensselector 165, configured to reversibly couple to three objective lensesthat can be rotated into alignment with a corresponding element of thesystem 100 (e.g., a filter module 140, a first illumination subsystem111, a second illumination subsystem 121, etc.). The revolving nosepiecein the specific example rotates about an axis angularly displaced from avertical axis, in the orientation shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, such that analigned lens is rotated into a vertical configuration, and a misalignedlens is rotated into a non-vertical configuration. In the specificexample, the revolving nosepiece is coupled to a linear translationstage (e.g., ThorLabs MTS25/M-Z8 translation stage) as an actuator 166configured to translate the lens selector 165 along a Z-axis, in theorientation shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D. In further detail, to providetranslation along the Z-axis, an optical shaft 168 coupled to therevolving nosepiece and concentric with an aligned lens 161, 162 iscoupled to the actuator 166 by an L-shaped plate (e.g., an L-bracket),thereby facilitating motion of the lens 161, 162 along a Z-direction.Variations of the specific example can, however, include an opticalshaft 168 not aligned with a lens 161, 162 of the focusing and opticsmodule 160, and/or can include coupling in any other suitable manner toaffect translation of a lens 161, 162 along any suitable axis. In thespecific example, the actuator 166 is coupled to a controller configuredto provide autofocusing of the focusing and optics module 160; however,variations of the specific example can omit coupling between acontroller and the actuator 166, and enable manual translation of thelens(es) 161, 162. Variations of the specific example can further allowrotation or translation of the lens(es) 161, 162 of the focusing andoptics module 160 into any other suitable configuration, in any othersuitable manner.

Furthermore, while variations and examples of translation and/orrotation in the platform 130, the filter module 140, and the focusingand optics module 160 have been described above, other embodiments ofthe system 100 can include translation, rotation, and/or relative motionthrough any suitable path, of any suitable element of the system 100, inorder to facilitate light transmission and alignment of optics elementsin any other suitable manner.

1.6 System—Other Elements

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A, the system 100 can further comprise a tagidentifying system 180. The tag identifying system 180 functions to readbarcodes, QR codes and/or any other identifying tags 181 of the system100, and to communicate information from the identifying tags to aprocessor 220. The tag identifying system 180 can be coupled to theillumination module 110, as shown in FIG. 2A, to facilitateidentification and reading of tags located on imaging substrates 350coupled to the platform 130, or any other suitable system element. Inother variations, the tag identifying system 180 may not be coupled tothe illumination module 110. The tag identifying system 180 ispreferably fixed in location, but can alternatively be configured tomove relative to other system elements. In one alternative variation,the tag identifying system 180 can be a standalone unit that isconfigured to be manipulated by a user to scan tags or labels located onelements of the system 100. The tag identifying system 180 can comprisea barcode reader, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader, a QRcode reader, a nearfield communication device, or any other suitableelement implementing a mechanism that can identify a unique identifierlocated on the an imaging substrate 350 or other aspect of the system100 (e.g., glass slide, cartridge, cell capture device, etc.). The tagidentifying system 180 can alternatively or additionally be configuredto parse and interpret non-encoded information (e.g., text) on anidentifying tag 181. In some variations of the system 100, the opticalsensor 150 can additionally function as a tag identifying system 180.

As shown in FIG. 3B, a tag 181 intended to be identified and/or read bythe tag identifying system 180 preferably communicates information tothe tag identifying system 180 upon being read. The information cancomprise information related to imaging substrate 350 (e.g., cellcapture device, glass slide) identification information, protocolinformation (e.g., staining protocol information), information relatedto suggested system parameters required to actualize a protocol,information related to calibration of the system 100 with regard to aspecific imaging substrate 350, information related to contents of animaging substrate 350, information configured to facilitate positivelocation identification of an imaging substrate 350 or locations withinan imaging substrate 350, and/or any other suitable type of information.The information can be coupled to (e.g., embedded within) image datacaptured by the optical sensor 150, and/or can be communicated to theprocessor 220 using any other suitable means.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 7, the system 100 can further comprise athermal control module 190, which functions to controllably heat and/orcool aspects of the system 100 to facilitate imaging and analysis oftarget objects (e.g., captured cells of interest). As such, the thermalcontrol module 190 controls thermal parameters of at least one of theimaging substrate and a biological sample at the imaging substrate. Thethermal control module 190 is preferably coupled to the platform 130,but can alternatively be at a location within proximity of the platform130, or may not be within proximity of the platform 130. The thermalcontrol module 190 can be configured to heat aspects of the system byconduction, convection, and/or radiation using a heating element. Thethermal control module 190 can additionally or alternatively comprise acooling element configured to cool or modulate heat within the system100. Alternatively, cooling can be enabled by deactivating a heatingelement. The thermal control module 190 preferably includes electricheaters, but can alternatively include inductive heaters, ceramicheaters, or any other suitable heaters. The thermal control module 190can additionally include a heat sink, heat pump, heat exchanger, fan, orany other suitable passive or active cooling mechanism. The thermalcontrol module 190 is preferably optically transparent to facilitateunobstructed imaging, but can alternatively have any other suitableoptical property such that imaging by the system 100 is not obstructed.In variations, the thermal control module 190 can be configured to moveout of a field of view after heating and/or cooling a substrate, toenable unobstructed imaging.

In one variation, the thermal control module 190 comprises a singleelement configured to contact a surface of an imaging substrate 350. Inanother variation, the thermal control module includes multipleelements, wherein each element is configured to heat or cool a givenportion of an imaging substrate 350. In one example, the thermal controlmodule 190 can be used to control the temperature of a microfluidic cellcapture device being imaged and/or analyzed by the system 100, byheating and/or cooling the microfluidic cell capture device according toa specific protocol during imaging. In an example, of the variation, thethermal control module 190 can heat the microfluidic cell capture deviceto incubate the cells of interest captured therein, and can coolmicrofluidic cell capture device to quench a reaction or incubationprocess.

The system 100 can further comprise an image stabilization module 200configured to reduce or eliminate artifacts within image data due tounwanted system 100 motion. In one variation, as shown in FIG. 8, theimage stabilization module 200 can comprise vibration isolators 210(e.g., feet, pads, platforms) configured to reduce or entirely eliminatesystem vibration. In another variation, the image stabilization module200 can comprise image stabilization software, implemented on aprocessor 220 configured to receive image data from the optical sensor150. The image stabilization software can be configured to anticipateand counteract system motion (e.g., by moving the platform 130, opticalsensor 150, and/or focusing and optics module 160 in a compensatorymanner). The image stabilization software can alternatively beconfigured to post-process image data comprising unwanted motionartifacts, in order to remove the unwanted motion artifacts. In othervariations, the image stabilization module 200 can comprise any othersuitable image stabilization device or method.

As shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A, the system 100 can further comprise acontrol system 170, which functions to control at least one ofparameters of the illumination module 110 (e.g., intensity), motion ofthe platform 130, filter configurations of the filter module 140,imaging parameters of the optical sensor 150, identification and readingof tags 181 by the tag identifying system 180, temperature parametersprovided by the thermal control module 190, and/or any other systemfunction. Thus, the control system 170 can be electronically and/orphysically coupled to the illumination module, the platform 130, thefilter module 140, the optical sensor 150, the focusing and opticsmodule 160, the tag identifying system 180, the thermal control module190, and/or the image stabilization module 200. The control system 170can enable fully-automated control of parameters of the system 100, orcan facilitate semi-automated/manual control of parameters of the system100.

In a variation wherein the control system 170 is coupled to theillumination module 110, the control system 170 can function to adjustlight intensity provided by the illumination module 110. For example,the control system 170 can control bright field illumination intensityand fluorescence illumination intensity using potentiostats or othersuitable elements. In a variation wherein the control system 170 iscoupled to the platform 130, the control system 170 can function tomanipulate translation, angular displacement, and/or rotation of theplatform 130 about any suitable number of axes. In a variation whereinthe control system 170 is coupled to the filter module 140, the controlsystem 170 can facilitate adjustments to filter configurations (e.g.,interchanging and/or stacking of fillers) to enable various light-basedbiological sample assays to be performed. In a variation wherein thecontrol system 170 is coupled to the optical sensor 150, the controlsystem 170 can adjust image capture parameters (e.g., resolution,capture, exposure, etc.). In a variation wherein the control system 170is coupled to the focusing and optics module 160, the control system 170can facilitate motion of the platform 130 and/or the focusing and opticsmodule 160, in order to enable autofocusing functions of the system 100.For example, the system 100 can autofocus to depth fiducials of a cellcapture device, or can autofocus on individual cells captured within acell capture device. In a variation wherein the control system 170 iscoupled to the tag identifying system 180, the control system 170 canfunction to automate reading of tags 181, and can further function tofacilitate transfer of information from the tags 181 to a processor 220.In a variation wherein the control system 170 is coupled to a thermalcontrol module 190, the control system 170 can facilitate heating of animaging substrate 350 to a specified thermal state (e.g., temperature),maintaining the imaging substrate 350 at the specified thermal state,and/or cooling the imaging substrate 350. Other variations of thecontrol system 170 can function automate handling, transfer, and/orstorage of other elements of the system 100, Alternative combinations ofthe above variations can involve a single control element, or multiplecontrol elements configured to perform all or a subset of the functionsdescribed above.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the system 100 can further comprise a processor220, which functions to receive and process information from the opticalsensor 150, the control system, a tag identifying system 180, and/or anyother suitable system element. Preferably, the processor 220 implementsimage processing software configured to process image data from theoptical sensor 150, and can be coupled to a user interface 211 with adisplay, as shown in FIG. 1A. In one such variation, the processor 220can include a module configured to receive a dataset from the opticalsensor 150 to calibrate at least one of the optical sensor 150 and theoptics manipulation module 167, based upon a distribution of focallengths between the optical sensor 150 and the platform 130 (e.g., basedupon a focal length providing a maximum contrast level). In anothervariation, the processor 220 can include a module configured tofacilitate analysis of real-time fluid flow at the at least one imagingsubstrate 350 based upon data generated by the optical sensor 150. Inanother variation, the processor 220 can include a module configured totranslate a series of characters, physically defined at an imagingsubstrate 350 (e.g., proximal to a pore of the array of parallel pores)and detectable using the optical sensor 150, into a binary numberindicative of an address (e.g., of the pore) characterized by the seriesof characters. The processor 220 can, however, include any othersuitable modules configured to perform any other suitable function.

In variations comprising a user interface 211 with a display, the userinterface 211 functions to display processed and/or unprocessed dataproduced by the system 100, settings of the system 100, informationobtained from tag identifying system 180, or any other suitableinformation. Alternatively, the processor 220 may not be coupled to auser interface 211, and/or can comprise a linking interface 230configured to facilitate transfer of processed and/or unprocessed dataproduced by the system 100, settings of the system 100, informationobtained from a tag identifying system 180, or any other appropriateinformation to a device external to the system 100.

The linking interface 230 is preferably a wired connection, wherein thelinking interface 230 is configured to couple to a wired connector. Thelinking interface 230 can facilitate one-way and or two-waycommunication between system elements and the processor, and cancommunicate with the processor via inter-integrated circuitcommunication (I2C), one-wire, master-slave, or any other suitablecommunication protocol. However, the linking interface 230 can transmitdata in any other way and can include any other type of wired connection(such as a USB wired connection) that supports data transfer betweensystem elements and the processor 220. Alternatively, the linkinginterface 230 can be a wireless interface. In a wireless variation ofthe linking interface 230, the linking interface 230 can include aBluetooth module that interfaces with a second Bluetooth module coupledto another element over Bluetooth communications. The linking interface230 of the wireless variation can alternatively implement other types ofwireless communications, such as Wi-Fi, 3G, 4G, radio, or other forms ofwireless communication.

Other elements of the system 100 can include a storage module 240, whichfunctions to provide local system storage of data. Variations of thesystem 100 including a storage module thus allow data to be storedlocally prior to transferring the data to an element external to thesystem. In a specific example, the storage module can provide localstorage adequate to accommodate storage of up to 10 runs of the system100 per day, for a month period of time.

1.7 System—Specific Examples

In a first specific example, as shown in FIGS. 1B-1D, the platform 130is situated intermediately between the first illumination subsystem 111comprising a bright-field subsystem and the second illuminationsubsystem 121 comprising a fluorescence subsystem, wherein the firstlight source 112 of the first illumination subsystem 111 is configuredto transmit light through a first set of optics 113 directly toward animaging substrate 350, at the platform 130, located superior to thefirst illumination subsystem 111. Light from the first light source 112and transmitted through the imaging substrate 350 is then directedtoward an optical sensor 150 at a location superior to the platform 130,through a filter module 140. Furthermore, the second light source 122 ofthe second illumination subsystem 121 is configured to transmit lighttoward a mirror 102 to be reflected at a 90° angle into a second set ofoptics 123 through at least one excitation filter 141 of the filtermodule 140, which reflects by a 90° angle at a dichroic mirror 142 ofthe filter module 140, through a focusing an optics module 160 andtoward the imaging substrate 350 located inferior to the secondillumination subsystem 121, at the platform 130. In the first specificexample, light from at least one target object at the imaging substrate350 is then configured to be transmitted through the focusing and opticsmodule 160, directly through the dichroic mirror 142, and toward theoptical sensor 150 situated superior to the filter module 140. In thefirst specific example, the filter module 140 is one of nine filtermodules 140 coupled to a filter stage 149 defining a substantiallycircular geometry, with apertures defined within the filter stage 149 toallow light transmission through the apertures. The filter stage 149defines a plane substantially parallel to a plane defined by theplatform 130, and the filter stage 149 is located at a position superiorto that of the platform 130. In the first specific example, each filtermodule 140 of the three filter modules can be rotated into alignmentwith the second light source 122 of the second illumination subsystem121, thereby allowing light from the second light source 122 to betransmitted through at least one excitation filter 141 of a filtermodule 140 and to be reflected at a 90° angle by a dichroic mirror 142toward a target object at the platform 130, and allowing light from thetarget object to be transmitted through an emission filter 143 of thefilter module 140 toward the optical sensor 150 superior to the filterstage 149. As such, alignment of a filter module 140 in the firstspecific example aligns the excitation filter 141 with the second lightsource 122, and simultaneously aligns the emission filter 143 with theoptical sensor 150.

In the first specific example, the platform 130 comprises nine guides138 arranged in a uniformly distributed circular array, each guide 138proximal to a retainer 139 that holds an imaging substrate 350 at theplatform 130. The platform 130 in the first specific example is furthercoupled to a platform control module 133 comprising a translation stage334 configured to translate the platform 130 in coordinate directionsparallel to the platform 130 (e.g., X, Y directions), by way of atranslation controller 335 that automates translation of the translationstage 334. The platform control module 133 in the second specificexample further includes an actuator configured to angularly displacethe platform 130 about an axis perpendicular to the platform, therebyrotating one of multiple imaging substrates 350 with target objects intodesired positions for observation and analysis. In variations of thefirst specific example, the platform control module 133 can additionallyor alternatively be configured to rotate the platform 130 about an axisparallel the platform to generate a distribution of focal lengths acrossthe platform 130 for calibration of the relative locations of theoptical sensor 150 and the target object(s) at the platform 130, therebyfacilitating achievement of a desired focal length to analyze the targetobject(s). Variations of the first specific example can, however, beconfigured in any other suitable manner.

In a second specific example, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the platform130 is situated intermediately between the first illumination subsystem111 comprising a bright-field subsystem and the second illuminationsubsystem 121 comprising a fluorescence subsystem, wherein the firstlight source 112 of the first illumination subsystem 111 is configuredto transmit light through a first set of optics 113 directly toward animaging substrate 350 located inferior to the first illuminationsubsystem 111, at the platform 130. Light from the first light source112 and transmitted through the imaging substrate 350 is then directedtoward an optical sensor 150 at a location inferior to the platform 130,through a filter module 140. Furthermore, the second light source 122 ofthe second illumination subsystem 121 is configured to transmit lightthrough a second set of optics 123 through at least one excitationfilter 141 of the filter module, which reflects by a 90° angle at adichroic mirror 142 of the filter module 140, through a focusing anoptics module 160 and toward the imaging substrate 350 located superiorto the second illumination subsystem 121, at the platform 130. In thesecond specific example, light from at least one target object at theimaging substrate 350 is then configured to be transmitted through thefocusing and optics module 160, directly through the dichroic mirror142, and toward the optical sensor 150 situated inferior to the filtermodule 140. In the second specific example, the platform 130 compriseseight guides 138 arranged in a 2×4 array, each guide 138 proximal to aretainer 139 that holds an imaging substrate 350 at the platform 130.

The platform 130 in the second specific example is further coupled to aplatform control module 133 comprising a translation stage 334configured to translate the platform 130 in coordinate directionsparallel to the platform 130 (e.g., X and Y directions), by way of atranslation controller 335 that automates translation of the translationstage 334. The translation stage 334 and translation controller 335 ofthe platform control module 133 can translate the platform in an Xdirection by a span of 9″ and in a Y direction by a span of 5″ in thesecond specific example. The platform control module 133 in the secondspecific example further includes an actuator configured to angularlydisplace the platform 130 about an axis parallel the platform togenerate a distribution of focal lengths across the platform 130 forcalibration of the relative locations of the optical sensor 150 and thetarget object(s) at the platform 130, thereby facilitating achievementof a desired focal length to analyze the target object(s). Variations ofthe second specific example can, however, be configured in any othersuitable manner.

The system 100 of the preferred embodiment and variations thereof can beembodied and/or implemented at least in part as a machine configured toreceive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readableinstructions. The instructions are preferably executed bycomputer-executable components preferably integrated with the system 100and one or more portions of the processor 220. The computer-readablemedium can be stored on any suitable computer-readable media such asRAMs, ROMs, flash memory, EEPROMs, optical devices (CD or DVD), harddrives, floppy drives, or any suitable device. The computer-executablecomponent is preferably a general or application specific processor, butany suitable dedicated hardware or hardware/firmware combination devicecan alternatively or additionally execute the instructions.

As a person skilled in the art will recognize from the previous detaileddescription and from the figures and claims, modifications and changescan be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention withoutdeparting from the scope of this invention defined in the followingclaims.

We claim:
 1. A system for detecting biological sample featurescomprising: a platform including a set of guides that receive a set ofimaging substrates with a set of biological samples, wherein the set ofguides is distributed about the platform in a first circular array; aset of filter modules superior to the platform, each of the set offilter modules including an excitation filter, an emission filter, and adichroic mirror; a first light source, inferior to the platform,configured to transmit light toward a biological sample of the set ofbiological samples from a first direction; a second light sourceconfigured, in a first configuration, to transmit light through theexcitation filter of a first of the set of filter modules, to bereflected from the dichroic mirror of the first of the set of filtermodules, and to reach the biological sample from a second directionopposed to the first direction; a lens, coupled to a lens selector, thatfocuses light from the excitation filter onto a target object of thebiological sample, and transmits light from the target object, throughthe dichroic mirror and the emission filter, toward an optical sensor; aplatform control module configured to 1) rotate the platform about afirst axis, associated with the first circular array and perpendicularto a broad surface of the platform and 2) translate the platform along adirection perpendicular to the first axis, into a first set ofconfigurations that align each guide of the set of guides between thefirst light source and the lens; a filter stage, situated superior tothe platform and wherein the set of filter modules is distributed aboutthe filter stage in a second circular array, configured to rotate theset of filter modules about a second axis, parallel to the first axis,into a second set of configurations that aligns each of the set offilter modules to receive light from the second light source and totransmit light toward the optical sensor; and an optics manipulationmodule, including a translation stage coupled to an optical shaftconcentrically aligned with the lens by way of the lens selector,configured to vertically translate the lens to facilitate focusing ofthe target object.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the platformcontrol module includes an actuator configured to translate the platformalong two directions perpendicular to the first axis.
 3. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the set of filter modules includes a set of excitationfilters and a set of emission filters, including filters for at leasttwo of: HEX-based assays, FAM-based assays, ROX-based assays, andCy5-based assays.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the platform controlmodule is further configured to angularly displace the platform about athird axis parallel to the broad surface of the platform to generate adistribution of focal lengths across the platform in relation to theoptical sensor, and wherein the system further includes a processorconfigured receive a dataset from the optical sensor to calibrate atleast one of the optical sensor and the optics manipulation module,based upon a focal length of the distribution of focal lengths providinga maximum contrast level.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein lensselector is a revolving nosepiece configured to receive a set of lenses,and wherein the translation stage is coupled to a plate surrounding theoptical shaft coupled to the revolving nosepiece, thereby enablingvertical translation of the lens.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein theplatform further includes a fluidic manifold coupled to a fluid sourceand configured to distribute a fluid to at least one imaging substrate,and wherein the system further includes a processor configured tofacilitate analysis of real-time fluid flow at the at least one imagingsubstrate based upon data generated by the optical sensor.
 7. The systemof claim 1, further including at least one imaging substrate, in the setof imaging substrates, including an array of parallel pores configuredto capture a set of cells in single-cell format.
 8. The system of claim7, further including a processor configured to translate a series ofcharacters, physically located proximal to a pore of the array ofparallel pores and detectable using the optical sensor, into a binarynumber indicative of an address of the pore.
 9. A system for detectingbiological sample features comprising: a platform including a guide thatholds an imaging substrate with a sample; a filter module including anexcitation filter and an emission filter; a first light sourceconfigured to transmit light toward the sample at the platform from afirst direction; a second light source configured to transmit lightthrough the excitation filter to reach the sample from a seconddirection opposed to the first direction; a lens that focuses light fromthe excitation filter onto a target object of the sample, and transmitslight from the target object, through the emission filter, toward anoptical sensor superior to the filter module; a platform control moduleconfigured to rotate the platform about a first axis perpendicular to abroad surface of the platform into a first configuration that aligns atleast one imaging substrate between the first light source and the lens,wherein the platform control module is further configured to angularlydisplace the platform about a third axis parallel to the broad surfaceof the platform to generate a distribution of focal lengths across theplatform in relation to the optical sensor; a filter stage, situatedsuperior to the platform, configured to rotate the filter module about asecond axis, parallel to the first axis, into a second configurationthat positions the filter module to receive light from the second lightsource and to transmit light toward the optical sensor; an opticsmanipulation module configured to vertically translate the lens, whereinthe optics manipulation module includes a lens selector coupled to thelens, an optical shaft coupled to the lens selector and concentricallyaligned with the lens, and a translation stage coupled to the opticalshaft; and a processor including a first module that coordinatesactuation by the platform control module, the filter stage, and theoptics manipulation module and a second module that calibrates at leastone of the optical sensor and the optics manipulation module tofacilitate focusing of the target object, based upon the distribution offocal lengths.
 10. The system of claim 9, further including a set ofguides distributed about the platform in a first circular array and aset of filter modules distributed about the filter stage in a secondcircular array, wherein the platform control module is configured torotate the platform into a first set of configurations that align eachguide of the set of guides between the first light source and the lens,and wherein the filter stage is configured to rotate the set of filtermodules into a second set of configurations that align each filtermodule of the set of filter modules to receive light from the secondlight source and transmit light toward the optical sensor.
 11. Thesystem of claim 10, wherein the optical sensor is superior to the filtermodule, which is superior to the platform, which is superior to thefirst light source.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the platformcontrol module includes an actuator configured to translate the platformalong two directions perpendicular to the first axis.
 13. The system ofclaim 10, wherein the set of filter modules includes a set of excitationfilters and a set of emission filters, including filters for at leasttwo of: HEX-based assays, FAM-based assays, ROX-based assays, andCy5-based assays.
 14. The system of claim 9, wherein the filter modulefurther includes dichroic mirror configured to bisect intersectingplanes defined by the excitation filter and the emission filter, andwherein the system further includes a mirror configured to reflect lightfrom the second light source into the filter module aligned in thesecond configuration, such that light from the second light source isreflected by 90° twice before reaching the imaging substrate.
 15. Thesystem of claim 9, further including a tag identifying system configuredto communicate information regarding the sample at the imaging substrateto the processor, and a thermal control module that controls thermalparameters of at least one of the imaging substrate and the sample. 16.The system of claim 9, wherein the platform further includes a fluidicmanifold coupled to a fluid source and configured to distribute a fluidto the imaging substrate, and wherein the processor further includes athird module configured to facilitate analysis of real-time fluid flowat the imaging substrate based upon data generated by the opticalsensor.
 17. The system of claim 9, further including the imagingsubstrate, wherein the imaging substrate includes an array of parallelpores configured to capture a set of cells in single-cell format. 18.The system of claim 17, wherein the processor further includes a fourthmodule configured to translate a series of characters, physicallydefined proximal to a pore of the array of parallel pores and detectableusing the optical sensor, into a binary number indicative of an addressof the pore.